![]() ![]() Adding new devices increases the communication delay. Delay: Communication delay is directly proportional to the number of nodes.Failure: The breakdown in one station leads to the failure of the overall network.Reliable: It is a more reliable network because the communication system is not dependent on the single host computer.Therefore, the installation cost is very low. Cost: Twisted pair cabling is inexpensive and easily available.Product availability: Many hardware and software tools for network operation and monitoring are available.Network Management: Faulty devices can be removed from the network without bringing the network down.In a ring topology, a token is used as a carrier.Once the token received by the destination device, then it sends the acknowledgment to the sender. The data is passed from one device to another device until the destination address matches.The sender modifies the token by putting the address along with the data.A token moves around the network, and it is passed from computer to computer until it reaches the destination.Token: It is a frame that circulates around the network.Token passing: It is a network access method in which token is passed from one node to another node.The most common access method of the ring topology is token passing.The data in a ring topology flow in a clockwise direction.It has no terminated ends, i.e., each node is connected to other node and having no termination point.The data flows in a single loop continuously known as an endless loop.The data flows in one direction, i.e., it is unidirectional.The node that receives the message from the previous computer will retransmit to the next node.Ring topology is like a bus topology, but with connected ends.Repeaters are used to regenerate the signal. Attenuation: Attenuation is a loss of signal leads to communication issues.Reconfiguration difficult: Adding new devices to the network would slow down the network.Signal interference: If two nodes send the messages simultaneously, then the signals of both the nodes collide with each other.If any fault occurs in the cable, then it would disrupt the communication for all the nodes. Difficult troubleshooting: It requires specialized test equipment to determine the cable faults.Extensive cabling: A bus topology is quite simpler, but still it requires a lot of cabling.Limited failure: A failure in one node will not have any effect on other nodes.Familiar technology: Bus topology is a familiar technology as the installation and troubleshooting techniques are well known, and hardware components are easily available.Moderate data speeds: Coaxial or twisted pair cables are mainly used in bus-based networks that support upto 10 Mbps.Therefore, the initial cost of installation is low. Low-cost cable: In bus topology, nodes are directly connected to the cable without passing through a hub.It does not work on "recovery after the collision". This technique effectively reduces the possibility of the collision. If busy, then the sender waits until the media becomes idle. CSMA CA: CSMA CA (Collision Avoidance) is an access method used to avoid the collision by checking whether the transmission media is busy or not.Therefore, it works on " recovery after the collision". Once the collision is detected, the sender will stop transmitting the data. CSMA CD: CSMA CD ( Collision detection) is an access method used to detect the collision.There are two alternative ways of handling the problems that occur when two nodes send the messages simultaneously. The most common access method of the bus topologies is CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access).ĬSMA: It is a media access control used to control the data flow so that data integrity is maintained, i.e., the packets do not get lost.The backbone cable is considered as a "single lane" through which the message is broadcast to all the stations.The configuration of a bus topology is quite simpler as compared to other topologies.The bus topology is mainly used in 802.3 (ethernet) and 802.4 standard networks. ![]() All the stations available in the network will receive the message whether it has been addressed or not. When a node wants to send a message over the network, it puts a message over the network.Each node is either connected to the backbone cable by drop cable or directly connected to the backbone cable.The bus topology is designed in such a way that all the stations are connected through a single cable known as a backbone cable.There are six types of network topology which are Bus Topology, Ring Topology, Tree Topology, Star Topology, Mesh Topology, and Hybrid Topology. Physical topology is the geometric representation of all the nodes in a network. There are two types of topology: physical and logical topology. Topology defines the structure of the network of how all the components are interconnected to each other. ![]()
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